This new technical book proposes that relying on increasing processor speeds and multi-threading at the operating system level is not enough to ensure true parallel processing performance. It questions the fitness for purpose of operating systems and JAVA interpreters in the quest for parallel processing performance increases. It thus provides an approach to parallel programming in JAVA using an API. The book contains three principal sections. It firstly describes some Basic Concepts in Parallel Programming, such as Row-Order and Amdahl’s Law. It then provides a worked case study in five chapters, based on the processing of a table of systems monitoring data, from conception of an algorithm to implementation as a simple and then a parallel Java program using the RIT PJ Parallel Java Library. It further provides a section of Configuration Details for code installation, and for testing of the Java codes, based on the use of a generally available applications development platform.