Mollie Medcast
By Molecular Medicine
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Podcast Description
Welcome to Mollie Medcast, the podcast for the biomedical journal Molecular Medicine. Molecular Medicine (www.molmed.org) is concerned with understanding the pathogenisis of disease at the molecular level, and based on that knowledge, designing specific molecular tools for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This podcast includes summaries of articles from the journal.
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Episode 82: Resistance Exercise, Smoking Cessation and RA | “Muscle Out Myositis With Resistance Exercise”, “GWA In Smoking Cessation,” and "Transitioning From Acute To Chronic Arthritis" | 10/4/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 81: Sepsis, Telomere Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome | “Hyperhomocysteinaemia In Sepsis”, “Telomere Dysfunction In Plasma Cell Disorders,” and “IL-18 In Metabolic Syndrome” | 9/20/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 80: HMGB1, Diabetes and Hyperbilirubinemia | “Regulating HMGB1 Release”, “Scavenging Peroxynitrate In Diabetic Angiopathy,” and “Mediators of Bilirubin-Mediated Toxicity” | 9/6/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 79: Coronary Heart Disease, Colorectal Cancer, Inflammation and Cholesterol | Coronary Heart Disease, Colorectal Cancer, Inflammation and Cholesterol | 8/23/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 78: Muscle Wasting, CEP, RA | “Knocking Down PRAS40,” “Feline CEP Due To UROS Missense Mutations,” and “Rapamycin: A Therapeutic Agent For Rheumatoid Arthritis.” | 8/9/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 77: Asthma, Neurotoxicity, Brain Tumor Imaging | “ISO-1 in Chronic Asthma,” “Mediators Of Bilirubin-Induced Neurotoxicity,” and the review paper is “Stem Cell Transplantation in Brain Tumors: A New Field for Molecular Imaging.” | 7/26/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 76: Smoking Cessation, Niemann-Pick, Severe Burn Injury | "Personalized Smoking Cessation", "Expression Of Novel Mutations Causing Niemann-Pick Disease" and "Severe Burn Injury" | 7/12/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 75: Colorectal Cancer, HCV, Pancreatic Transplants | “Improving The Success Of Pancreas Transplants”, “HCV and Alcohol Interaction In Cirrhotic Tissues” and “Upregulation Of SPRR3 In Colorectal Cancer”. | 6/28/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 74: T2 Diabetes, Kidney Injury, Meningiomas | “Chewing the Fat: Insulin Signaling in Type 2 Diabetes”, followed by “Cytoprotection in Acute Kidney Injury”, “Hedgehog Signaling in Human Meningiomas” | 6/14/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 73: Top downloaded papers Jan-Jun 2010 | We’ve reached the halfway mark for 2010 and instead of reviewing our recently published papers, take a look back at the top three downloaded papers so far this year. | 5/31/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 72: Trauma-Hemorrhage, Ischemia/Reperfusion, and AMI | “One For The Road: E2 For Trauma-Hemorrhage,” “Rho-kinase In Heart Preconditioning” and “ST Segment Elevation In AMI.” | 5/17/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 71: Cancer, Celiac Disease and Stroke | “Antitumorigenic Activity Of hGBP-1,” “Digesting Celiac Disease,” and “Towards Better Stroke Diagnosis and Prognosis” | 5/3/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 70: It’s all in your genes | A Molecular Fingerprint Of Lung Injury,” “Gene Therapy For Fabry Disease,” and our review paper, “Endocytosis And Gene Delivery.” | 4/19/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 69: Thrombosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Wound Healing | Play To Win: Antithrombotic Effects Of ACE2 Activators, Proteolytic Dysfunction In Cystic Fibrosis and Factor VIIa Aids Wound Healing. | 4/5/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 68: CD38, HCC and Ghrelin | In this podcast we’ll continue with the papers from our March-April 2010 issue, including: “Homing In On Cellular Mechanisms Of Proliferation In CLL”, “Spotting A Protein Linked With Aggressive Liver Cancer” and a review, “Ghrelin, A Potential Therapy For RCI”. | 3/22/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 67: JIA, Alzheimer’s and Cancer | The first paper we have to discuss this week is: Measuring MMPs & Antioxidants In Juvenile-Induced Arthritis—Noninvasively Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (or JIA), is the most common rheumatic disease in children. It occurs in about one in a thousand children, which is about 300,000 children in the U.S. If untreated, JIA interferes with normal growth and development. Disease severity varies between active and nonactive states, and treatment for JIA has drawbacks in terms of costs and side effects, as well as decrease in efficacy over time. The follow up requires multiple blood tests, which can be a major drawback in children. .. | 3/15/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 66: HIV, Sepsis and PCOS | HIV Interrupted – Insight Into Pathways That Regulate Viral Integration The CDC estimates that every nine-and-a-half minutes someone in the US is infected with human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the virus that causes AIDS [Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome].(1) The central event in the life cycle of this retrovirus is when HIV integrates into the host cell DNA. In order for this to occur, a combination of proteins are required, they are the viral integrase and the host LEDGF/p75. In their latest efforts, Dr. Aviad Levin and colleagues from Israel examined the early viral integration pathway and demonstrate that an inhibitor of viral integration, the Rev protein, associates with LEDGF/p75. Furthermore, they demonstrate a role for Rev in the dissociation of the integrase-LEDGF/p75 complex. The title of their paper is, “Integration of HIV-1 DNA Is Regulated by Interplay between Viral Rev and Cellular LEDGF/p75 Proteins.” The authors propose a model whereby viral integration is regulated by the interplay between LEDGF/p75, Rev and integrase, with the LEDGF/p75-Rev and integrase-Rev complexes leading to inhibition of viral integration. This work could ultimately lead to new strategies for preventing and treating HIV infection. Supplementary data for this paper is available and can be viewed by visiting our Web site at www.molmed.org. ...more | 2/22/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 65: Glioblastoma, Breast Cancer and mRNA Processing | Fingerprinting The Players In Primary Glioblastoma Glioblastoma multiforme is a life-threatening intracranial malignant tumor. Currently the treatment of glioblastoma is hindered by difficulties in early diagnosis, rapid progression and frequent recurrence. Since the methylation status of specific gene loci can be used as a prognostic tool for different tumor types, Dr. Christina Piperi and her colleagues examined four genes involved in glioma tumorigenesis. The title of their paper is, “High Incidence of MGMT and RARβ Promoter Methylation in Primary Glioblastomas: Association with Histopathological Characteristics, Inflammatory Mediators and Clinical Outcome”. In this work the authors found that two of these genes they examined, MGMT and RARβ were significantly more methylated in the analyzed glioblastoma cases. The study also highlights a potential link between methylation patterns and interleukin-6, suggesting a specific role for inflammation mediators in the regulation of gene methylation. These results could generate new insight regarding patient survival and treatment options for this devastating disease. more... | 2/8/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 64: Lupus, Malaria and Acute Lung Injury | .In this podcast we’re going to review some of the papers from our January-February 2010 issue: our cover story is “Exploring The Autoimmune Response In SLE”, then we have a research article “Malaria Susceptibility Is Linked With A Common Marker Of Inflammation”, followed up by a review paper: “PRR-Dependent Mechanisms Of Acute Lung Injury”. | 1/25/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 63: Top 5 downloaded papers of 2009 | Happy New Year Mollie Medcast listeners and welcome back! Mollie Medcast is the podcast for the biomedical journal, Molecular Medicine. My name is Margot Puerta, Managing Editor here at Molecular Medicine and your host for this podcast episode. Since this is our first podcast of 2010 I thought it would be fitting to take a quick look back at the top five papers downloaded from our Web site in 2009. | 1/11/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 51: Genetics & Smoking, Cadmium & Fertility | There are an estimated 29 million men and women smoking in the United States. So, w e all know smoking is bad, but here is a sobering statistic, cigarette smoking kills 1 in 10 adults worldwide. In our July-August 2009 issue, authors study different aspects of smoking, including cessation and the link to other complications. .. more | 1/11/10 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 50:Trauma and Wound Healing | After The Crash: Role Of Splenectomy In Managing Blunt Trauma Millions of nonfatal injuries resulting from blunt trauma occur in the United States each year. Forty percent of traumas include intraabdominal injuries with the liver and spleen sustaining the bulk of the damage.1 When the spleen is injured, uncontrolled bleeding may require operative interventions, including splenectomy. In patients that are hemodynamically stable however, it is not clear whether splenectomy will lead to improved outcome... more | 6/29/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 49: Diabetes | Boning Up On Hyperglycemia Endothelial progenitor cells (or EPCs) are, like lymphocyte pre-cursors, derived from bone marrow and can differentiate into endothelial cells, these comprise the inner cell layer of blood vessels.2 These EPCs are critical for maintaining the integrity and health of the vasculature. In diabetes, however, the numbers of these cells in the circulation are reduced. This may lead to ischemic vascular disease in these patients... more | 6/15/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 48: RA, Myocardial Infarction, and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | First is: Tracking Down an Indicator of Rheumatoid Arthritis The autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) impacts about one percent of the population and can severely reduce quality of life for those affected. In general, RA progresses in three stages... more | 6/1/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 47: Disease Awareness in Ma | In the United States, it is National Lupus Awareness month. According to the Lupus Foundation of America, most people are referring to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, or SLE, when discussing lupus – although there are three other types: Cutaneous (skin) Lupus Erythematosus, Drug-induced Erythematosus, and Neonatal Lupus. SLE—an autoimmune disease which mainly affects women during childbearing years—can be mild or severe, and can have serious effects, such as pulmonary hypertension, seizures, and coronary artery disease.1 SLE is characterized by anti-nuclear autoantibodies and inflammatory lesions which target several tissues of the body. .. more | 5/18/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 46: hNET, Ricin, and Solid Tumors | Nicotine To The Rescue: Delaying The Effects Of Ricin Ricin, is a compound derived from castor beans. It depurinates ribosomal RNA, disrupting the integrity of the ribosome. This effectively stops protein synthesis in its tracks and leads to inflammation, multiple organ failure, and death in those exposed... more | 4/20/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 45: Liver, Prostate, and Breast Cancer | Eighty percent of liver tissue is composed of hepatocytes, and cancer rising from these specific cells is called hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC.1 Liver cancer rates in the US are increasing due to the prevalence of hepatitis C virus or HCV... more | 4/6/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 44: March Awareness | First we’ll discuss Chronic Kidney Disease. Our kidneys have a hard job to do, and play a major role in our daily health regimen. Their functions include filtering 200 liters of blood (that’s about 845 cups!) a day, regulating the body’s water balance, and producing the hormone that stimulates bone marrow to manufacture red blood cells. . . more | 3/23/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 43:CD38/157, Alzheimer’s, and Malignant Gliomas | Turning A Blind Eye With Ectoenzymes The cornea, which is part of the eye, is avascular and transparent. The reason the cornea has no blood vessels is because they would interfere with how the eye refracts light, altering our vision ... | 3/9/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 42: Special February-themed podcast | The month of February is an important and historic one for science! Thanks to a nifty Web site, todayinsci.com, which is abbreviated for Today In Science History, we can find out what scientific developments occurred on any given day of the year. There were several births (and sadly, deaths) this month, in addition to discoveries and inventions that assist us in scientific development. Today we’re going to go through a few interesting and significant events that happened this month. | 2/23/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 41: MIF, CKD, and Molecular Medicine | MIF Busters: Diagnosing Colorectal Cancer Despite advances in colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment, this disease remains a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Approximately half of all patients with colorectal cancer develop liver metastasis and die within 5 years of diagnosis. .. | 2/9/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 40: Sepsis, Cancer, Antimicrobial Peptides | Human AM/AMBP-1 As A Treatment For Sepsis Sepsis remains a critical problem and it leads to significant morbidity and mortality. It’s the second leading cause of death among patients in noncoronary intensive care units, underscoring the urgent unmet need for effective therapies. Early administration of adrenomedullin, abbreviated AM, and its binding protein, AMBP-1, produce beneficial effects in models of sepsis... | 1/26/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 39: Smoking Cessation, Chronic Fatigue, and Melatonin | Smoking Cessation Genes So approximately 45 million adults in the US smoke cigarettes, that’s about 21% of all adults.1 Vulnerability to dependence on addictive substances, such as nicotine, is a complex trait with strong genetic influences. It has been well documented by data from families, and adoption and twin studies... | 1/12/09 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Top 5 Molecular Medicine Papers Cited in 2008 | #5: Association of STAT4 with rheumatoid arthritis in the Korean population by Dr. Lee, published in 2007. #4: Insulin signaling and the regulation of glucose transport by Dr. Chang, published in 2004. #3: The molecular mechanism of autophagy by Dr. Wang, published in 2003. #2: Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into embryoid bodies comprising the three embryonic germ layers, by Dr. Itskovitz-Eldor in 2000. #1:Erythropoietin therapy for acute stroke is both safe and beneficial, by Dr. Ehrenreich published in 2002. #5 Association of STAT4 with Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Korean Population | 12/29/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 38: Renal Fibrosis, PAQR10, and CLL | Ischemia and reperfusion injury contributes to the development of chronic interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy in renal allograft patients. Cyclooxygenase 1, or COX1, and Cyclooxygenase 2, or COX 2, actively participate in acute ischemic injury by activating endothelial cells and inducing oxidative stress... | 12/15/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 37: EPO Cross-Talk, Trauma-Hemorrhage, and TBI | EPO Cross-Talk In Multiple Sclerosis Model I guess I should start with defining “EPO”, E-P-O – that’s the abbreviation I’m going to use for erythropoietin. Systemically administered EPO crosses the blood brain barrier and it’s protective in several animal models of disease...more | 12/1/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 36: Diabetes and Insulin Resistance | Diabetes occurs when the body can’t make or use the hormone insulin properly, and its estimated that almost 24 million people in the US have diabetes.1 Diabetic patients have impaired angiogenesis which often leads to problems with wound healing and organ transplantation... | 11/17/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 35: Spinal Cord Injury, Mucosal Inflammation, and SLE | IV Treatment For Spinal Cord Injury Spinal cord injury occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord, which leads to a loss of mobility or feeling in the body. And, these injuries usually occur after trauma such as a car accident, or as a result of disease, for example with polio.1 Now, there’s no therapy for spinal cord injury, and unfortunately that leaves patients permanently disabled. Central nervous system neurons aren’t replaced by new ones... | 11/3/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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What is GINA? | In May 2008, President Bush signed the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) into law. GINA will protect Americans against discrimination based on their genetic information when it comes to health insurance and employment. In this podcast, we discuss the ins and outs of GINA with Emmelyn Kim, MA, MPH. | 10/27/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 34: RRP, CLL, and Burn Injury | Gene Expression In RRP RRP or Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus, types 6 and 11, and what happens in this disease is that the viruses induce tumor growth in the larynx and sometimes in the lower respiratory tract... | 10/20/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Danielle's Story: Genetic Testing in Breast Cancer | A few years ago, Danielle found out she carried a BRCA mutation, making her more susceptible to breast cancer. Since then she has become a dedicated fund raiser and educator on the subject. Danielle supports organizations that provide funding, care, and raise awareness for cancer – especially breast cancer. | 10/6/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 33: Genetic Predictors in RA, Pancreatic Cancer, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | Rheumatoid arthritis is prevalent in over one million Americans.1 Tumor necrosis factor, or TNF, is a key regulator of the inflammatory cascade in rheumatoid arthritis as well as in several other inflammatory diseases. TNF antagonists have been approved by the FDA to treat arthritis and their therapeutic utility is well established. You may know some of them... | 10/6/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 32: Bipolar Disease, Burn Injury, Antiinflammatory: Choline | Approximately one percent of people have biopolar disorder and while the disorder occurs equally in men and women, the severe rapid cycling form is more prevalent in females... | 9/22/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 31: PVD, Colon Cancer, and Wound Healing | Clamping Down On Placental Vascular Disease The placenta plays an important role in the acceptance of the fetal-placental unit by the maternal immune system. Placental vascular disease can induce complications during human pregnancy, and these can be things like as preeclampsia or fetal intrauterine growth restriction... | 9/8/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 30: AMBP-1, Renal Failure, Estroge | Vascular responsiveness to adrenomedullin (AM), which is a potent vasoactive peptide, decreases during sepsis and hemorrhage and improves after administration of its binding protein (AMBP-1)... | 8/25/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 29: Transcript: Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Sex Steroids | Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a critical public health problem. Hypertensive patients often don’t exhibit symptoms, leaving them unaware of their risk... | 8/11/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 28: Colorectal Cancer, Sepsis | Colorectal cancer or CRC is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in Western countries and there are an estimated 140,000 new cases each year.1, 2 Development of distant metastases by tumor cells spread from the primary tumor site is a major cause of death. Using biomarkers to identify colorectal cancer patients who would benefit from adjuvant treatment may decrease the risk of recurrence. Low folate levels are seen in colorectal cancer patients with poor survival... | 7/28/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 27: Metabolic Syndrome, Prostate Cancer, Acute Lung Injury | High dietary intake of the simple sugar fructose has rapidly become an important causative factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. There are several factors involved in metabolic sydrome and some of these include: having extra fat around your abdomen, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance. | 7/14/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 26: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Hypertension, Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s | Hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC is a type of liver cancer that may occur in conjunction with cirrhosis, which is an accumulation of scar tissue in the liver... | 6/30/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 25: Inflammation, Sepsis, Obesity | Smoking Out Oxidants Inflammation occurs in a number of life-threatening diseases and is associated with an increase in oxidant stress. Oxidants can activate monocytes through the Toll-Like Receptor 2, or TLR 2, however, the functional downstream consequence on immune system bacterial surveillance is unknown... | 6/16/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 24: RA, Sepsis, TLR4 | Rheumatoid arthritis or RA is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease and it’s characterized by joint inflammation and progressive joint destruction. If you know someone who suffers from RA, you know their swollen joints can restrict movement and interfere with daily activities... | 6/2/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 23: Fibroids, Growth Hormone Deficiency and Liver I/R Injury | Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign neoplasms of the myometrium prevalent in reproductive-aged women. While some fibroids are asymptomatic, others may cause pelvic pain, menstrual bleeding and infertility. Fibroids represent a tremendous public health burden for women in the United States and are an economic cost to society... | 5/19/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 22: Tubular Atrophy & Interstitial Fibrosis Progression, Insulin, Zinc Deficiency | Almost 5,000 kidney transplants fail per year in the US. This results in the unfortunate return of patients to dialysis. Kidney transplant failure is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. And chronic allograft nephropathy causes most kidney allograft losses. It includes the loss of kidney graft function with tubular atrophy as well as interstitial fibrosis. Dr. Daniel Maluf and his colleagues identified several molecular pathways involved in tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis progression... | 5/5/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 21: Alzheimer's Disease, Tissue Development andCarcinogenesis, Septic Cardiomyopathy | Apoptosis In Neurodegeneration Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular plaques of amyloid β and intracellular aggregations of tau. So while the exact role of cell death is unclear, apoptosis is increased and caspase-3 is activated in Alzheimer's disease | 4/21/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 20: Meniscal Degeneration, Fanconi Anemia,Non-healing Ulceration, Alzheimer's Disease | Knee-Deep In Meniscal Degeneration Menisci, which are located in your knee, are wedge-shaped half moon structures made of cartilage. Menisci can fail due to biomechanical or biochemical cues. And when they fail due to biochemical cues it is often attributed to osteoarthritis of the knee. The molecular events underpinning the pathogenesis of meniscal degeneration remain elusive... | 4/7/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 19: Hematopoiesis, Osteoarthritis, and Catecholamines | Nitric oxide, is abbreviated NO, is an important signaling molecule and it can act in an autocrine and paracrine mode. NO is a crucial regulator of vasodilation, immunity and neurotransmission. It’s also involved in regulating the balance between proliferation and differentiation in several developmental and differentiation settings. In the hematopoietic system, NO contributes to the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow... | 3/24/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 18: BP, AMI, and Lyme Neuroborreliosis | Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery induces a complex inflammatory reaction that may result in multiorgan dysfunction including cardiac contractile depression. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, abbreviated MIF, is a central mediator of the innate immune response in patients with autoimmune disorders, severe sepsis, and respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatric cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass induces proinflammatory cytokine production, and that correlates with postoperative morbidity and cardiopulmonary dysfunction. | 3/10/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 17: Malaria Associated Anemia, Hereditary Hematochromatosis, Antiinflammatory Strategies | Malaria-Associated Anemia Won’t Take A Complement Plasmodium falciparum is an intracellular human parasite transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum malaria causes 1-2 million deaths per year, many occurring as a result of complications such as severe anemia and cerebral malaria. The parasite can directly mediate erythrocyte destruction, but the degree of anemia observed in severe cases cannot be explained solely by this phenomenon. Moreover, the lifespan of uninfected erythrocytes is decreased in infected persons suggesting that soluble factors influence erythrocyte survival. | 2/25/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 16: Chronic Kidney Disease, AcuteHepatitis, Trauma-Hemorrhage | HMGB1 in Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with inflammation, malnutrition and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. High mobility group box 1 or HMGB1, is a proinflammatory mediator of tissue injury. It’s implicated in several inflammatory diseases. Dr. Annette Bruchfeld and her colleagues completed a cross-sectional study analyzing chronic kidney disease patients to determine if HMGB1 is elevated. | 2/11/08 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 11: SLE and RA Preeclampsia, Osteosarcoma | The members of the forkhead box class O transcription factors play an important role in controlling lymphocyte activation and proliferation. We’ll abbreviate forkhead box class O as FOXO. Drs. Kuo and Lin from Cathay General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan evaluated the possibility that FOXO transcriptional expression is dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, two autoimmune diseases with tissue damage mediated by overactivation of autoreactive lymphocytes. | 11/26/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 10: Sepsis, Cardiac Proinflammatory Stress | Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection, which may lead to multiple organ failure and is associated with increased rates of apoptosis. Clearance of apoptotic cells is crucial to maintaining cellular function under normal and pathological conditions. | 11/12/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 9: Garlic, Maggots, Wolfsbane | In Ancient Egypt Allium sativum, or garlic, was given mainly to the working class involved in heavy labor, doing things like building the pyramids.2 It was thought that garlic could maintain and increase the strength of the workers which would allow them to work longer and harder. | 10/29/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 8: Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Viral Hepatitis, DNA Microarrays, Alzheimer Disease | Protect Your Small Intestine With EPO Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in a variety of clinical conditions and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Reperfusion injury occurs as a result of blood flow restoration to an ischemic, or blood-restricted, region. The resulting tissue injury may be more damaging than the original ischemic injury. | 10/15/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 7: Skeletal Muscle Atrophy, Angiogenesis, Sepsis | Muscling In On Mechanism Skeletal muscle atrophy can occur for many reasons, some of which include denervation, changes in hormone levels, it can occur as a result of some diseases such as sepsis and cancer or simply from ageing. Muscle wasting associated with long-term intensive care unit treatment has a negative effect on muscle function, which results in prolonged periods of rehabilitation and a decreased quality of life. | 10/1/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 6: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy, Septic Shock | STAT4 in Korean RA Population Ep 05 from this podcast has a special scientific briefing interview with two of the authors from this manuscript Drs. Peter Gregersen and Dan Kastner. So if you find this summary interesting you may want to go there for some more information. Rheumatoid arthritis affects about 2.1 million Americans. | 9/17/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 5: Scientific Briefing | A recent study in the North American White population has documented the association of a common STAT4 haplotype with risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus. To replicate this finding in the Korean population, Lee et al. performed a case-control association study. Sixty-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped within the STAT1 and STAT4 regions in 1123 Korean patients with RA and 1008 ethnicity-matched controls. The most significant four risk SNPs are identical with those in the North American study. All four SNPs have modest risk for RA susceptibility and a common haplotype defined by these markers carries significant risk for RA in Koreans. Unlike several other risk genes for RA, a haplotype of the STAT4 gene shows consistent association with RA susceptibility across Whites and Asians, suggesting that this risk haplotype predated the divergence of the major racial groups. | 9/3/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 4: Skin Papilloma, Psychotic and Affective Disorders, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Craniosynostosis | Garlic – It’s Not Just For Vampires This manuscript has two things that I like very much, garlic and liposmes, which are clever little vesicles used to deliver drugs. (Thank you, Sir Alec Bangham) So, garlic has a long history of potential health benefits. Garlic was part of the Egyptian diet and it actually was given to workers who were building the pyramids because they thought it would give them strength and the ability to work longer and harder. Greek athletes ate garlic before competing in the earliest Olympic games. And Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, prescribed if for a variety of conditions.1 The chemotherapeutic and antitumor activity that’s associated with garlic has been attributed to the presence of various organosulfide-based compounds including diallyl sulfide. So this is an active component of garlic, it possesses strong anti-neoplastic properties against various forms of cancer. Topical application is the most promising approach for local treatment of skin tumors. However, we need more efficient methods because when you apply something topically the molecules diffuse across the skin surface. Topical liposome-based formulations have shown promise in this area and in the present study Dr. Khan and his colleagues evaluated the effects of liposomised-diallyl sulfide against dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin papilloma. And the title of this manuscript is, “Potential of Diallyl Sulfide Bearing pH Sensitive Liposomes in Chemoprevention of DMBA Induced Skin Papilloma.” Their results showed that liposomised-diallyl sulfide could effectively delay the onset of tumorogenesis and reduce the cumulative numbers and size of tumor papillomas in treated mice. . So let’s switch gears a little bit and move on to our next paper. | 8/20/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 3: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, CD36, CADASIL | Researchers Use Phage Display Library For Target Practice Hepatocellular carcinoma is a form of cancer, which originates in the liver cells. It is a challenging malignancy, which unfortunately results in high patient mortality rates. Current therapies do exist, however, they have drawbacks such as cytotoxicity and this has prompted researchers to seek more effective methods of treatment. CD36 And Disease Cell differentiation molecule 36 or CD36, is a transmembrane glycoprotein located on chromosome 7q11.2 encoded by 15 exons. The defective CD36 gene may be a candidate for several diseases some of which include atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and malaria. Racking Up Knowledge of Arthritis Signaling Pathways Rheumatoid arthritis or RA, is a chronic disorder that causes progressive joint destruction. Our next manuscript deals with this topic and is entitled, “The GTPase Rac Regulates the Proliferation and Invasion of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients”. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes isolated from RA patient joints display proliferative and invasive properties reminiscent of malignant tumor cells. Rac small GTPases play an important role in tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Dr. Chan from the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research investigated the potential role of Rac proteins in the proliferative and invasive behavior of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. In case anyone listening is interested, the North Shore-LIJ Health System on Long Island (http://www.northshorelij.com) has over 1000 clinical research studies going on right now in a variety of diseases. Over 15 of these studies deal with Rheumatology. So if you are interested in finding out more about this, you can call 516-562-4874 for information and ask for Ruth. That number again in case you need it is 516-562-4874. Steps Towards Understanding CADASIL So the next disease we’re going to discuss is a vascular degenerative disease. It’s called CADASIL and that stands for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. So it’s no wonder they call it CADASIL for short! People who suffer from CADASIL may experience migraines, speech problems, depression and dementia. CADASIL is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene and over 140 different mutations have been identified in the gene that encodes the Notch 3 protein. The majority of mutations are missense point mutations, which lead to protein misfolding. Additionally, an uneven number of cysteine residues appear in the extracellular domain of the Notch3 receptor. Accumulation of these receptors on small and middle-sized arteries, along with degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells, characterize this disease. In this study, Dr. Ihalainen from the University of Helsinki and colleagues characterized the protein expression pattern in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells from CADASIL patients. The manuscript is entitled, “Proteome Analysis of Cultivated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from a CADASIL Patient.” In it, the authors identified 11 differentially expressed proteins, which are involved in protein degradation and folding, contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells and cellular stress. Their results indicate that Notch3 misfolding may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress and an in increase in reactive oxygen species and cell proliferation inhibition. Additional data suggests the possibility that the angiotension II regulatory feedback loop is activated. | 8/6/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 2: Idiopathic Portal Hypertension, Fibrosarcoma | Our first manuscript for this week deals with idiopathic portal hypertension. Idiopathic portal hypertension, or IPH, is a rare disorder with an unknown etiology (and if you remember that was our vocab word from the last episode). If you are familiar with this disease you may also have heard it referred to as Banti’s syndrome. Patients with this disease have high blood pressure in the portal vein and surrounding branches. This manuscript is called, “Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Human Liver with Idiopathic Portal Hypertension.” The lead author is Dr. Morikawa from the Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine. | 7/23/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
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Episode 1: VPR and HSP27, Breast Cancer and Estrogen, Chronic Allograft Nephropath | The first manuscript in our line-up is by Dr. Liang from the University of Maryland School of Medicine and it deals with this topic. It’s entitled, “Anti-Vpr Activities of Heat Shock Protein 27.” Vpr is a virion-associated protein that’s highly conserved among HIV type 1, simian immunodeficiency virus and other lentiviruses. Vpr has some distinct activities in host cells some of which include cell cycle arrest and cell killing. | 7/9/07 | Free | View In iTunes |
| Total: 70 Episodes |
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