Influence of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract on Broilers and Laying Hens (Report‪)‬

INTRODUCTION Panax ginseng, which translated from the Greek word panacea means "cure all", has been used in oriental cultures as a medicine and aphrodisiac for over 5,000 years. When ginseng is steamed at 98-100[degrees]C and dried, it is called a red ginseng, which can extend the preserve period. It is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for the treatment of various diseases, including anemia, diabetes mellitus, insomnia, gastritis, abnormalities in blood pressure, dyspepsia, overstrain and fatigue and so on. To date, studies from animal experiments have shown that the ginseng reduced blood pressure (Kang et al., 1995), had a relaxing effect on vascular smooth muscle and anti-inflammatory properties as well as anti-stress effect (Peng et al., 1995) and inhibited calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (Sharma and Kalra, 1993). Several researches have well documented that ginseng contains saponins, antioxidants, peptides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, lignans and polyacetylenes. Among these, saponins (ginsenoside) are considered to be the principal bioactive ingredients (Jo et al., 1995; Sticher, 1998; Palazon et al., 2003) and are believed to exert immune-stimulatory, anti-fatigue and hepatoprotective physiological effects (Wu and Zhong, 1999).